Dear Editor, We had a case of Krukenberg tumor (KT) of the right ovary, which extended to pelvic zone M; 18*13*10 cm in a 40-year-old virgin woman who had no history of previous cancer. The patient received five courses of chemotherapy before surgery, and because of the chemotherapeutic effect on the ovarian stroma, spindle cells of stroma were plump, hyperchromatic, with mild pleomorphism. The number of signet cells was low, and they were scattered between spindle cells, mostly with eosinophilic cytoplasm. . .

According to the high prevalence of rectal tumors in young people and the need to make critical decisions for the surgical approach and adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy, defining the exact degree of tumor invasion in the rectum and local or distant extension has high importance.Rectal tumor staging needs identification of tumor extension into mucosal layers, submucosa, muscles, or the serosal space.Common investigatory methods for rectal tumors are clinical examination, abdominopelvic CT scan and endorectal ultrasound.In this study, comparison was made between post operative pathologic results and 3 Tesla MR imaging, which showed superiority of this method for rectal tumor staging.

Background: The role of human papillomavirus (HPV), as a common infection, has been evaluated in many cancers such as the cervix and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, the association of HPV with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and its pathologic features are investigated. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2014 to January 2018 in several hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Thyroid tissue specimens of patients diagnosed with PTC (n=82) and benign thyroid nodules (n=77) were collected using the consecutive sampling method. The presence of HPV in PTC, adjacent normal tissue, and benign thyroid nodules was evaluated using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The frequency of HPV positivity in PTC tissues was compared with benign thyroid nodules and adjacent normal tissue. Association of pathologic features of PTC with HPV positivity was also investigated. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. 0, and P values less than 0. 05 were considered statistically significant. Results: HPV PCR positivity was observed in 3. 8% of benign thyroid nodules and 13. 4% of PTC samples but in none of the adjacent normal tissues. After adjustment for age and sex, the prevalence of HPV PCR positivity in the PTC tissues was significantly more than the benign thyroid nodules (P=0. 015). The prevalence was also significantly higher than the adjacent normal tissues (P<0. 001). Conclusion: There was a significant association between PTC and HPV positivity. Further studies are required to determine the cause and effect of the association between these two conditions.

Background and Objective: The staging of gastrointestinal cancer has an important role in the treatment of tumor. This study was done to determine the efficacy of endosonography method for determining the stage and deepth of esophagus and stomach cancers.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, endosonographic staging was performed in 23 patients (15 male and 8 female) with esophagus and stomach cancers, confirmed with pathologic findings in Taleghani hospital, Tehran, Iran during 2002-04. The results of surgical staging compared to preoperative endosonographic method.Results: Mean age of 23 patients was 57.2 years (43-72 years). 30% and 70% of the patients had esophageal and gastric cancers, respectively. The accuracy of endosonographic staging of esophagus and stomach cancers was 82%. The accuracy of diagnosis, positive and negative predictive value of cancers in assessment of the depth of the tumor by endosonography procedure was 79.4%, 69.6% and 84.9%, respectively.Conclusion: Endosonography is a precise method for evaluating depth and staging of tumor and lymph node involvement.

Background: Previous research has identified several potential biomarkers associated with pathological tumor (pT) staging in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Among these biomarkers, CX3CR1 is notable for its connection to the immune microenvironment.Objective: To further investigate the significance of CX3CR1 as a key biomarker for predicting pT staging and PCa progression.Methods: Prostate cancer tissue samples were analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical staining. The diagnostic performance of CX3CR1 was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, while Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was conducted to determine overall survival (OS) rates.Results: A significant decrease in CX3CR1 expression was observed in PCa tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues, with the lowest levels detected in pT3 tumors. CX3CR1 expression showed a negative correlation with preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, lymph node staging (N stage), Gleason score, and overall survival (OS). Additionally, CX3CR1 levels were associated with the polarization of infiltrating CD4+ T cells in PCa patients.Conclusion: CX3CR1, as a biomarker associated with pT staging, plays a role in predicting PCa prognosis, potentially by modulating the immune microenvironment.

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most prevalent form of thyroid cancer. In some studies, parvovirus B19 (PVB19) infection was involved in the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases such as Graves’ disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis, and thyroid cancer. PVB19 induces chronic inflammation in thyroid, which can lead to carcinogenesis through the effect of inflammatory mediators. The association of PVB19 with PTC tumorigenesis is still a matter of controversy. We evaluated the correlation of PVB19 with PTC and, for the first time, pathologic features. Method: This cross-sectional retrospective study focused on the thyroid specimens of 82 patients with PTC and 77 patients with benign thyroid nodules. We conducted the present study from March 2014 to November 2017 in the hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. We evaluated the presence of PVB19 DNA by nested polymerase chain reaction method in PTC, adjacent nonmalignant tissues, and benign thyroid nodules. PVB19 positivity was also compared between PTC and two other groups. We further investigated the association of pathologic features and tumor staging with PVB19 positivity. Results: Of the patients, 81% were female. We detected PVB19 positivity in 9. 8% of PTC specimens and 0. 01 of adjacent non-malignant tissues (P=0. 016). None of the benign thyroid nodule specimens had PVB19 DNA, and they were significantly different from PTC specimens (P=0. 007). There was no significant correlation between PVB19 positivity and tumor stages (P=0. 988) and histologic types (P=0. 560). Conclusion: This research, similar to some other studies, showed a significant association between PTC and PVB19 positivity. For the first time, we showed that no significant relationship existed between PVB19 positivity and tumor stages and histologic types. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the relationship between this virus and PTC.

Background: This research aimed to investigate diagnostic value of preoperative chest computed tomography (CT) in the staging of clinical tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: Hundred and ninety eight patients with NSCLC accepted by the Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University (Shaoxing Municipal Hospital) from June 2021 to October 2022 were retrospectively selected as the study subjects. Preoperative multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) examination was performed, and the results of pathological examination were the gold standard to evaluate accuracy of CT diagnosis of TNM staging. Results: The staging accuracy of CT diagnosis was 86% for T1, 85.34% for T2, 76.92% for T3, and 66.7% for T4, with an overall accuracy of 83.83%. The Kappa value was 0.744. For nodal staging, the accuracy of CT diagnosis was 85.34% for stage N0, 67.86% for stage N1, and 72.22% for stage N2, yielding an overall accuracy of 79.29%. The Kappa value for nodal staging was 0.702. In terms of specific stages, the accuracy of CT diagnosis was 80.39% for stage IA, 81.40% for IB, 59.38% for IIA, 76.47% for IIB, and 73.21% for IIIA, with an overall accuracy of 75.25%. The Kappa value for these stages was 0.701. Conclusion: The clinical T stage, N stage, and TNM stage diagnosed by CT before surgery were consistent with the pathological T stage after surgery, especially in the early stage of LC.